Third Year - TEFL “Optimized Lectures

I)                 Grammar translation method (old/classical one).

A teaching method done through the translation of Latin and Greek literally texts. However, not all people could read it was only for intellectual people (aristocracy). And, it wasn’t based on listening and speaking but it focused on reading and writing, memory and the study of grammatical rules.in other words, we might say that grammar translation method basically deals with accuracy not fluency.

 

Grammar translation method. As it is included in the title that method focus on 2 main things which are GRAMMAR&TRANSLATION, students learn grammar rules then they practice the grammar by doing grammar drills , also not oulsew they translated sentences from literally books of certain target language”TL”. In addition, the pay more attention to sentences form. When the students reach some level they starts to translate whole texts not only sentences. Finally, listening and speaking were overlooked.

 

II)             Didactic (new/modern) method:

That method started to show at the end of the 19^th C, appeared when people wanted to communicate to use the target language for e.g. you displaced to another country, and you don’t master their language so people at that time needed to find new techniques or method to learn a certain language. For that purpose didactic method has shown.

Firstly used with African black children when Europeans wanted to share Christianity, Africans native language was forbidden.               Christianization 

This method of teaching used: pictures, songs, actions… so the learner at this stage is “active” not passive like the old time. The language is used every day and the method is realistic.

               Fluency and communication is more important than grammar.

III)            Audio-lingual method:

Appeared in the 20^thC, after the WW II (by the military), it focus on listening and speaking because they wanted to communicate.

This method was based on structure: how we put words (grammar in general), and in imitation and repetition – Ahmed ate an apple / Ahmed ate an orange / Ahmed ate a table.

 

Now if both methods audio lingual and the modern one focus on listening and speaking, what is the difference between them?

 

Modern method	Audio lingual method (army)
v Focus on listening and speaking. v //      Sentence structure. v //     the meaning.	v Focus on listening and meaning. v //      sentence structure (Grm). v Doesn’t focus on the meaning.

 

 

Humanistic approach:

There are 3 methodologies that follow this approach;

1)    Suggestopedia:

This method developed by {Georgi lozanov} sees the mind as the motherboard of information and suggestion “the power of suggestion”, also it’s based on relaxation as the key of receiving new ideas and knowledge.

Learners at this method read translated books loudly with a classical music in the background.

2)    Total physical response (TPR):

Developed by {Jmaes Asher}, this method involves a wide range of physical activities, a lot of listening and comprehension and learning with fun.

This method is recommended for young learners and beginners and it still used until nowadays.

3)    Community language learning(CLL):

By {Alex Tylor}.

Unfortunately, this method didn’t lived for a long time. It pushes learners to express their feelings, intellect, social relationships and reactions.

4)    Silent way:

In this technique, the teacher might be silent – as it is mentioned in method’s name- and avoid explaining everything to students while they should be courage to speak as much as possible.

Patterns contain vocabulary, and colored guides for pronunciation are used to assist the teacher in guiding the students’ understanding while saying the least amount possible.

By {Caleb Gategno}.

 

 

 

A brief summary:

Suggestopedia	Total physical response	Silent way	Community lge learning
Ø 1970-1980 Ø Focus on meaningful texts and vocabulary. Ø Relaxed atmosphere with classical music. Ø Gerogi lozanov	Ø 1970s widely used for young learners. Ø Focus on listening comprehension. Ø Meaning clarified through physical actions and visuals. Ø James asher	Ø 1970s Ø Focus on student interaction more than teacher’s one Ø Teacher is silent to allow student awareness. Ø Caleb Categno	Ø 1970s Ø Student interaction Ø Understanding English through active student interaction. Ø Alex Taylor.